• 51 8 Several studies have found decreased astroglial and

  2022-05-13

  

  Several studies have found decreased astroglial and neuronal cell numbers and 51 8 damage after OP exposure. Neuronal loss and brain lesions increase proportionally to the severity and duration of OP-induced seizures (Albuquerque et al., 2006, Carpentier et al., 2000, Gullapalli et al., 2010, Myhre

• br Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate receptors for

  2022-05-13

  

  Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate receptors for peptides similar to glucagon Genes for receptors for peptides similar to glucagon and other secretin-like hormones have been identified in a number of vertebrate species (Sivarajah et al., 2001, Chow et al., 2004, Irwin and Wong, 2005, Cardoso et

• br Introduction The mammalian skin forms the

  2022-05-12

  

  Introduction The mammalian skin forms the largest organ of the body and includes a network of cutaneous nerves, cells of the immune system, and mediators of the neuro-endocrine axis (Theoharides et al., 2016). Analogous to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuropeptides and their receptors

• Determination of enzyme activity differs from other analytic

  2022-05-12

  

  Determination of enzyme activity differs from other analytical procedures. In this netilmicin case , instead of enzyme concentration, a substrate depletion or product accumulation should be monitored. Such approach allows calculating activity basis of calibration curves performed for enzymatic react

• Introduction Osteoclasts are large multinuclear cells that a

  2022-05-12

  

  Introduction Osteoclasts are large, multinuclear Nifedipine that are responsible for the resorption (breakdown) of bone [1]. Together with osteoblasts, the bone forming cell, they maintain the integrity of the skeleton through constant resorption and repair of bone. Osteoclast precursors of monocy

• br Materials and methods br Results and discussion To

  2022-05-12

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion To analyze the dependence of lysosomal exocytosis on Cu we exposed HeLa AST 487 to fresh buffer containing normal levels of free Ca (1mM) and measured β-hex levels in the extracellular medium, followed by measuring β-hex content in the total cellul

• Acknowledgements br Introduction Histamine mediates various

  2022-05-12

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Histamine mediates various physiological functions and pathological actions through its interactions with histamine receptors that belong to the superfamily of seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (Haas et al., 2008). Four histamine receptor subty

• Due to the importance of gene regulation in cancers

  2022-05-12

  

  Due to the importance of gene regulation in cancers, HDAC inhibitors have been studied extensively in cancer biology and are in current clinical use as anti-tumor therapies [17]. The HDAC inhibitors vorinostat, romidepsin, and belinostat have been approved for certain T-cell lymphomas, and panobinos

• The different NO stimulated and ODQ inhibited

  2022-05-12

  

  The different NO-stimulated and ODQ-inhibited cNMP patterns in terms of absolute and relative magnitude and time course reported herein suggest distinct functional roles of cGMP, cCMP and cUMP. Therefore, it will be necessary to dissect cellular effects of these cNMPs in numerous cell systems. For t

• br Modulators of the GUCY C

  2022-05-12

  

  Modulators of the GUCY2C/cGMP/PDEs signaling pathways for CRC prevention and therapy (pre-clinical and clinical development) Several modulators of the GUCY2C/cGMP/PDEs signaling pathways, including GUCY2C agonists and PDEs inhibitors, have been developed and explored as chemopreventive agents for

• The number of small molecule GSK

  2022-05-12

  

  The number of small molecule GSK-3 inhibitors is continuously rising and many have been tested in animals. These studies have provided additional support for specific roles of GSK-3 in neuronal functions under both normal and pathological conditions. Inhibition of GSK-3 has profound effect on neurop

• TMP269 br Conclusion In conclusion we showed that apoptosis

  2022-05-12

  

  Conclusion In conclusion, we showed that apoptosis is involved in etoposide-induced pancreatic β-cell cytotoxicity. More importantly, as shown in Fig. 6, the results of this study demonstrated that etoposide induces pancreatic β-cell death via the JNK/ERK activation-mediated GSK-3 downstream-trig

• Based on these findings we set out to identify

  2022-05-11

  

  Based on these findings, we set out to identify GPR109A agonists capable of biasing the receptor's signaling towards the functional anti-lipolytic and presumed therapeutic response, and away from the flushing side-effect pathways. Indeed, using recombinantly expressed GPR109A, two classes of compoun

• Analogous to all GPCRs the GLP R transduces

  2022-05-11

  

  Analogous to all GPCRs, the GLP-1R transduces signals from the outside of the cell to the inside by allosterically converting a ligand-binding event to activation of intracellular effectors. The GLP-1R couples to several intracellular effectors and this pleiotropic coupling is physiologically releva

• All models used here rely

  2022-05-11

  

  All models used here rely on WT FGFR3, which is activated by exogenous FGF ligand to alter chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. This approach toward modeling the aberrant FGFR signaling in cartilage differs from the actual situation in ACH or TD, where the chondrocytes are exposed to long-

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